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- DD(1L) DD(1L)
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- NAME
- dd - convert a file while copying it
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- SYNOPSIS
- dd [if=file] [of=file] [ibs=bytes] [obs=bytes] [bs=bytes]
- [cbs=bytes] [skip=blocks] [seek=blocks] [count=blocks]
- [conv={ascii,ebcdic,ibm,block,unblock,lcase,ucase,swab,noerror,notrunc,
- sync}]
-
- DESCRIPTION
- This manual page documents the GNU version of dd. dd copies
- a file (from the standard input to the standard output, by
- default) with a user-selectable blocksize, while optionally
- performing conversions on it.
-
- OPTIONS
- Numbers can be followed by a multiplier:
- b=512, k=1024, w=2, xm=number m
-
- _✓i_✓f=_✓f_✓i_✓l_✓e
- Read from _✓f_✓i_✓l_✓e instead of the standard input.
-
- _✓o_✓f=_✓f_✓i_✓l_✓e
- Write to _✓f_✓i_✓l_✓e instead of the standard output. Unless
- _✓c_✓o_✓n_✓v=_✓n_✓o_✓t_✓r_✓u_✓n_✓c is given, truncate _✓f_✓i_✓l_✓e to the size speci-
- fied by _✓s_✓e_✓e_✓k= (0 bytes if _✓s_✓e_✓e_✓k= is not given).
-
- _✓i_✓b_✓s=_✓b_✓y_✓t_✓e_✓s
- Read _✓b_✓y_✓t_✓e_✓s bytes at a time.
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- _✓o_✓b_✓s=_✓b_✓y_✓t_✓e_✓s
- Write _✓b_✓y_✓t_✓e_✓s bytes at a time.
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- _✓b_✓s=_✓b_✓y_✓t_✓e_✓s
- Read and write _✓b_✓y_✓t_✓e_✓s bytes at atime. Override ibs and
- obs.
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- _✓c_✓b_✓s=_✓b_✓y_✓t_✓e_✓s
- Convert _✓b_✓y_✓t_✓e_✓s bytes at a time.
-
- _✓s_✓k_✓i_✓p=_✓b_✓l_✓o_✓c_✓k_✓s
- Skip _✓b_✓l_✓o_✓c_✓k_✓s ibs-sized blocks at start of input.
-
- _✓s_✓e_✓e_✓k=_✓b_✓l_✓o_✓c_✓k_✓s
- Skip _✓b_✓l_✓o_✓c_✓k_✓s obs-sized blocks at start of output.
-
- _✓c_✓o_✓u_✓n_✓t=_✓b_✓l_✓o_✓c_✓k_✓s
- Copy only _✓b_✓l_✓o_✓c_✓k_✓s ibs-sized input blocks.
-
- _✓c_✓o_✓n_✓v=_✓c_✓o_✓n_✓v_✓e_✓r_✓s_✓i_✓o_✓n[,_✓c_✓o_✓n_✓v_✓e_✓r_✓s_✓i_✓o_✓n...]
- Convert the file as specified by the _✓c_✓o_✓n_✓v_✓e_✓r_✓s_✓i_✓o_✓n argu-
- ments.
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- Page 1
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- DD(1L) DD(1L)
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- Conversions:
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- ascii
- Convert EBCDIC to ASCII.
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- ebcdic
- Convert ASCII to EBCDIC.
-
- ibm Convert ASCII to alternate EBCDIC.
-
- block
- Pad newline-terminated records to size of cbs,
- replacing newline with trailing spaces.
-
- unblock
- Replace trailing spaces in cbs-sized block with
- newline.
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- lcase
- Change uppercase characters to lowercase.
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- ucase
- Change lowercase characters to uppercase.
-
- swab Swap every pair of input bytes. Unlike the Unix
- dd, this works when an odd number of bytes are
- read. If the input file contains an odd number of
- bytes, the last byte is simply copied (since there
- is nothing to swap it with).
-
- noerror
- Continue after read errors.
-
- sync Pad every input block to size of ibs with trailing
- NULs.
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- Page 2
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